Niraj Tutorials

The firmware is a kind of software that is encoded in hardware like ROM. It can be also run without extra instructions from the operating system. BIOS (Basic Input/ Output System) is the one of the best example of firmware in a computer system. They are burned into a flash memory chip available on the motherboard. BIOS chip is the second most important chip in the computer system after the CPU and this chip contains the BIOS framework programming that boats the framework and start the memory and hard-disk drive to permit the operating system to start. This chip can be recognized as it have on it the name of producer and generally the word BIOS as shown in the figure underneath with the maker name AMI. Power connectors The motherboard require power for working and it has a unique 24-pins square connector that allows the motherboard to be associated with

Computer hardware is a collection of physical parts and sensible components of a computer system that can be seen and touch. As like - Monitor, Keyboard, CPU and Mouse. It is also includes all the parts inside the computer case, such as the motherboard, hard-disk drive, video card, sound card and many other. A typically PC (Personal Computer) consist of a case in desktop or tower shape and the following parts: Motherboard The motherboard is a printed circuit board of a computer that is the biggest board in a computer chassis. It permits communication and allocates power to and between the Ram, CPU, HDD, and all other computer hardware components. A motherboard is designed to work with specific type of memory and processor, so it is not capable of work with every type of memory and processor. The first motherboard is

Non-impact printers print the characters don't use the ribbon. These printers do not have direct contact with the print medium falls under this category and print a complete page at a time, thus it is also called as Page Printers. Characteristics of the Non-Impact Printer. It is is faster than impact printer. They are not noisy. It supports many fonts and different characters size. High quality There are two types of non-impact printer. Inkjet Printers Laser Printers Inkjet Printer Inkjet printers are non-impact character printers, based on a new technology, This printer print characters by spraying small drops of ink onto paper. It is one of the most common types of printer used in both domestic settings and professional. It can print 30 pages per minutes. Inkjet printing technology was

Printer is an output device. It is a hardware output devices that produces text or graphics output on a paper. It accepts input command by users on a computer and laptop, print the documents on other devices. There are two types of printer :- Impact Printers Non-Impact Printers Impact Printer Those printers have direct mechanical contact with the print medium usually paper to create an images. Characteristics of Impact Printer are the following: Very noisy Very low consumable costs Useful for bulk printing due to low costs There are physical contact with the paper to produce an image. There are three types of impact printer. Daisywheel Printers Dot Matrix Printers Line Printers Daisywheel Printers

There are two kinds of monitor which is used for viewing screen. Cathode-Ray Tube Flat-Panel Display Cathode-Ray Tube The CRT (Cathode-Ray Tube) display is made up of small picture elements called pixels. The smaller the pixels are the better image clarity or resolution. It takes at least one illuminated pixel to form a whole character. The most screens are capable of displaying 25 lines vertically and 80 characters of data horizontally. There are some disadvantage of Cathode-Ray Tube. Large in size High power consumption Flat-Panel Display Monitor The flat-panel display refers to a class of video devices that has reduce power, volume and weight requirement of comparison to the CRT. You can hang them on walls. Current uses of flat-panel displays include

Computer display is also called a display screen or VDT ( Video Display Terminal). A monitor screen used to display the output. Images are re-presented on monitor by Dodd called pixel. Monochrome Monitor CGA (Colour Graphics Array) EGA (Enhanced Graphics Array) VGA (Video Graphics Array) SVGA (Super Video Graphics Array) Monochrome Monitor Computer display is as the name these type of monitors have single for ground colour but it offers various attributes. It was introduced by IBM (International Business Machine) in 1962. CGA (Color Graphics Array) It introduce by IBM (International Business Machine) in 1982. It has a low resolution screen it supports four colour. EGA (Enhanced Graphics Array) EGA is a video display standard that has a resolution of 640×350 pixel and it support

The processing data in the computer in the form of electrical signals. It has to be converted information in to human understandable symbols is done by output devices. It can be audio, video, tactile and graphics. Some output devices are given below : (i) Monitor  (ii) Printer (iii) Headphones  (iv) speaker  (v) Projector (vi) Sound card (vii) Video Card .. Speaker Speaker is an output hardware device which can be use to listen a sound. The signal used to deliver the sound that originates from a PC speaker is made by the PC's sound card. The first inside PC speaker was invented by IBM in 1981 and created basic, low quality sound. Headphone Headphone is a output hardware device that can be plugged into a laptop, smartphone, computer and other devices to privately listen to audio or watch a movie wit

The barcode reader are used to identify a particular product written bar or strips over that product . The examples are labelling goods, numbering the books, package, .. etc. A barcode reader is an optical scanner that can read decodes the data contained and printed barcodes. There are different types of barcode are the universal product code (UPC), QR code, Aztec code, Code128, Codebar, EAN-8, ......etc. The universal product code consist of nine or more digit computer readable code that are use to labelling the written products. Digital Camera A digital cameras are integrated with a wide rang of mobile phones, digital devices and ranging from PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) to the Hubble and WST (Web Space Telescopes). It is use to input any capture image in to your storage medium and computer. A digital camera uses a

MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Reader) is a character recognition system. It is an input device. These devices are mainly used in banking, industry to read the bank's code number and cheques number. An MICR can identify character printed on the cheques with a special type of ink that contents particles of magnetic material, it passes through a machine and than translates the magnetic information into characters. An MICR provides a secure, high-speed method of scanning and processing data and information. Card Reader A card reader is a data input device. It is use to transfer data from a card-shaped storage medium to computer. A memory card reader is a input device used for communication with a memory card or a smart card. A magnetic card reader is a device. These device uses to read magnetic stripe card, such as debit cards and credit

1.Stick; 2.Base; 3.Trigger; 4.Extra Buttons; 5.Autofire Switch; 6.Throttle; 7.Hat Switch; 8.Suction Cup A joystick is an input device consisting of a stick that mainly used with computer games & some times called a game controller. Joystick typically connect to your computer using a basic USB connection and often come with software that allows you to assign the function of each button. Joystick have stick that can be rotated the left and right or up and down required to move the cursor. Joystick are also used for controlling machines such as underwater unmanned vehicles, trucks, cranes and zero turning radius lawn mowers. OCR (Optical Character Recognition) As OCR stands for Optical Character Recognition, it is a widespread technology to recognize text inside images, such as scanned photos and documents. These technology is used to convert