Niraj Tutorials

The communication between two parties they are machine or human always needs a common language. The language use to communicate between computer and human is known as programming language. There are three types of programming language. Machine Language Assembly Language High-level Language Machine Language In which instruction are written in binary code using 1 and 0 is only one language. The computer can execute directly. The binary code is known as the machine language. A machine can understand this language. It is not translator of this languages, no need to translate this languages. It is hard to use. It is defined by hardware design. It is also called the first generation of language. Assembly Language In which instruction are written using various symbols and structures. There are some sym...

Based on size of the computer On the basis of hardware structure the first computer different types of computers are offering different services, processing power and storage capacity. There are four basic types of computers are as follows: Micro Computer Mini Computer Mainframe Computer Super Computer Micro Computer A micro computer is a computer whose all components are on a single integrated circuit CPU. Micro computer is single user single tasking operating system, widely used & the fastest growing computers. It is specially designed for general usage like education training, entertainment, and work purposes. An Apple, Dell, HP, Samsung, Sony, Asus, and Toshiba are the well known manufacturers of Micro-computer. There are mainly used in office, home, school, store, etc. Mini Computer...

Based on types of computer There are three basic kinds of computer. It is based on the hardware structure and the way of physical quantities. Digital Computer Analog Computer Hybrid Computer Digital Computer The digital computer is a digital system that performs different computational tasks. The world digital implies that the data in the computer is represented by variable that take a limited number of discrete values. This values are processed internally by components which will maintain a limited number of discrete states. Digital computer that accepts and process data has been converted into the binary numbers system, which has two digits: 0 and 1. A binary digit is called a bit. Analog Computer Analog computer used to process data the name is analog data. Analog data is ...

Computer Virus It is a type of the computer programs that, when executed, replicates itself by modifying other computer programs and inserting it own code. When this replication succeeds, the affected areas are than said to be infected with the computer virus. It is a malicious programs that self-replicates by coping itself to a different programs. In other words, the computer virus spreads by itself into other documents or executable code. The aim of creating a computer virus is to infect gain admin, vulnerable systems and steal user sensitive data. The hackers design computer virus with take advantage of online users and malicious intent by tricking them. The term computer virus was first formally defined by Fred Cohen in 1983. This virus never occur naturally. These are always induced by people. Once created, however, their diffusion is not directly...

The operating systems usually come pre-loaded on any computer you purchase. Most of the people use the OS that come with their computer, but it is possible to upgrade or may be change the operating system. There are the three most common operating system for personal computer. Microsoft Windows macOS Linux The modern operating systems use GUI. The graphics user interface (GUI) allows you to use your mouse to click icons, menus, buttons, and everything is clearly displayed on the screen using a combination of texts and graphics. Each operating system's GUI has a different design and feel, and the modern operating systems are designed to be easy to use, and most of the essential principles are the same. Microsoft Windows The company of Microsoft created the Windows Operating System in the...

The Kernel is the center component of a computer OS. The main activities (job) performed by the kernel is to manage the hardware and the communication between the software. A kernel is at the core os a computer. It makes the communication between the software and hardware possible, which the kernel is the inner most part of an operating system, a shell's outer most one. Feature of Kernel Process synchronization Inter-process communication Context switching Low-level scheduling of processes In the Operating System performs every of the function : File Management The file management manages all the file related to activities like organization storage, naming, retrieval, sharing and protection of files. Memory Management This module performs the allocation and de-allocation of memory space to...

Batch operating system Multi-tasking/ Time sharing OS Multiprocessor operating system Distributed operating system Real Time operating system Mobile operating system Network operating system Batch Operating System Some computer processes are time-consuming and very lengthy. To speed a similar process, a job with a similar short of requirement are batch together and run as a group. The users of a batch operating system never directly associates with the computer. In this type of operating system, each user prepares his/ her job on an offline devices like a punch card and submits it to the computer administrator. Multi-tasking/ Time Sharing Operating System The multitasking operating system allows people located at a different terminal (shell) to use a single computer system at the same time. The ...